cross section of a space launcher (Ariane V) [2]

In service since 1996, this European launcher transports heavy payloads, including the most powerful communications satellites.

rocket engine

Ensures launcher propulsion by means of liquid hydrogen combustion in contact with liquid oxygen.

solid booster stage

Provides the main thrust during takeoff before separating from the main cryogenic stage.

main cryogenic stage

Central body that ensures propulsion after the solid booster stage separates.

lower section

Composed of the main cryogenic stage and the solid booster stage.

fairing

The tip of the launcher that houses and protects the payload.

upper section

Composed of the storable propellant upper stage and the payload.

nozzle

The end portion of a rocket from which combustion gases escape, thereby creating the thrust needed to propel the craft.

payload

Space probe or satellite carried by the launcher.

storable propellant upper stage

Upper stage used to propel the payload toward its final orbit.

satellite

A spacecraft transported by the launcher and placed in orbit around Earth.

vehicle equipment bay

Houses most of the onboard electronic equipment and flight-control systems.

solid rocket booster

Solid-fuel thruster that provides most of the lift during the first few minutes of flight, after which it separates.

dual launch structure

Module used to insert two independent payloads into orbit.

payload adaptor

Ensures satellite/launcher interface and is compatible with all satellite platforms.

liquid oxygen tank

Serves to burn liquid hydrogen, thereby providing the energy needed for rocket propulsion.

liquid hydrogen tank

Hydrogen, burned on contact with liquid oxygen, serves as engine fuel.